Your choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Your choice - Essay Example The advertisement under focus (shown in Appendix A) utilizes propaganda techniques as well as communist symbols for propagation. Essentially the advertisement is geared to sell candy but the symbols used for propagation make the advertisement look like communist propaganda for revolution. The first noticeable item about the advertisement is the heading at the top which provides a striking message in a Russian transcription type script. The heading is transcribed in a modified font to resemble Russian script (apparent from the horizontally flipped N symbols†. In addition, the contents of the heading make it provocative and even appealing to the intended audience. The heading reads â€Å"The Redolution is now!† where the word â€Å"Redolution† has been derived from the words â€Å"revolution† and â€Å"red†. This rebranding of the word revolution is an attempt by the advertisement to strike the curious sides of human beings. Human beings are typically interested in items that either provoke them or items that strike their curiosity. Since the word revolution is a strong word, mixing it with red leaves strange connotations. This is compounded by the fact that the United States and the Soviet Union remained at loggerheads with each other during the Cold War (Friedman). The advertisement under focus is geared for the United States where most people still carry biases against Russia. Using the color red along with the message of revolution tends to make the advertisement generate a strong appeal with audiences. The urgency of the message expressed by the word â€Å"now† tends to raise the bar even more. The advertisement uses other strongly communist symbols as well including the M&M mascot and the volley of people at the bottom. The red colored M&M mascot symbolizes a turn into the communist fold. The figure’s head is shown strewn with a cap tagged with a single communist star leading to a greater appeal for the figure as being communist.

Outcome of Vascular Complications After Arterial Punctures

Outcome of Vascular Complications After Arterial Punctures Introduction :- Arterial catheterizations are used routinely for continuous haemodynamic monitoring in the operating room and also in critically ill patients (1). It provides easy and appropriate access for several blood samplings and blood gas analysis (2) and has frequently been found to be a safe procedure, with a few severe complications (3,4). Percutaneous arterial cannulation is used widely in the clinical management of critically ill adults second in frequency to intravenous cannulation(5). Common sites of percutaneous needle puncture include the radial, femoral, brachial, dorsalispedis, or axillary artery. There is no evidence that any site is superior to the others. However, the radial artery is used most frequently due to its easy palpability, low complication rates, location and patients comfortability than the other sites. Patients undergoing radial or dorsalispedis artery puncture should have the collateral flow to those vessels evaluated prior to puncture, to avoid the risk of ischemic complications (6, 7). Each arterial catheterization site is associated with a unique set of potential complications. Radial artery insertion is associated with peripheral neuropathy, femoral artery insertion with retroperitoneal hematoma, axillary artery insertion with brachial plexopathy, and brachial artery insertion with injury to the median nerve(8). Although many sites share the same possible complications (eg, bleeding), the frequency of these complications varies among the different insertion sites. The most common complications associated with radial artery catheterization are occlusion (2 to 35 percent) and hematoma (up to 15 percent) (9). Permanent injury usually results from either complication. Frequent temporary occlusion of artery has been identified as one of the main complications of radial arterial cannulation(10, 11).Arterial complications have serious ischemic damage to the hand after radial artery cannulation which lead to necrosis and amputation of fingers or t he whole hand. (12). Femoral artery is the another commonest site of arterial cannulation in intensive care units (13). The femoral artery is usually preferred than the radial artery because the it is usually palpable even in hypotensive shock patients and is the only available route for haemodynamic monitoring(14). The incidence of related complications in the femoral artery is much lower than that in the radial artery and can be recognized easily because of the larger vessel diameter (15). Chances of sepsis is more in femoral artery cannulation because of the proximality of perianal region(16). The most common complication associated with femoral artery catheterization is hematoma (6%), which can be larger and difficult to detect if extends to the retroperitoneum(17). The third most dangerous site of arterial cannulation is axillary artery and it is preferred to be uncannulated because of its close proximity to carotid artery and may compromise cerebral circulation (18). Axillary artery cannulation is technically difficult, although pulsation and pressure are maintained even with peripheral vascular collapse where as femoral artery cannulation is less difficult, can be cannulated, even during profound hypotension (24). Arterial catheter infectionsof 10 -20% are complicated by local (eg, insertion site) infection, and 5 % by bacteremia or sepsis (11). It is generally known that arterial puncture related complications are common in ICU. The purpose of this prospective analysis was to evaluate the nature and outcome of vascular complications following arterial punctures in intensive care units of King Abdulaziz Medical City. Wendt M, Hachenberg Th, Lawin P, Vietor G. Electronic monitoring and data interpretation [in German]. In: Larwin P, Bruessel T, Prien T, editor.In Praxis der Intensivbehandlung. Stuttgart, New York: Thieme; 1993. pp. 155–186. Gauer PK, Downs JB. Complications of arterial catheterization. Respir Care. 1982;27:435–444. Hartung HJ. Monitoring [in German]. In: List WF, editor. In Komplikationen in der Anà ¤sthesie. Berlin: Springer; 1990. pp. 248–260. Gardner RM. Direct arterial pressure monitoring. Curr Anaesth Crit Care.1990;1:239–246. Durbin CG Jr. Radial arterial lines and sticks: what are the risks? Respir Care. 2001;46:229-230. Kohonen M, Teerenhovi O, Terho T, et al. Is the Allen test reliable enough? Eur J CardiothoracSurg 2007; 32:902. Jarvis MA, Jarvis CL, Jones PR, Spyt TJ. Reliability of Allens test in selection of patients for radial artery harvest. Ann ThoracSurg 2000; 70:1362. OMalley MK, Rhame FS, Cerra FB, McComb RC. Value of routine pressure monitoring system changes after 72 hours of continuous use. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1424. Russell JA, Joel M, Hudson RJ, et al. Prospective evaluation of radial and femoral artery catheterization sites in critically ill adults. Crit Care Med 1983; 11:936. Wilkins RG: Radial artery cannulation and ischaemic damage: a review. Anaesthesia 1985, 40:896-899. Slogoff S, Keats AS, Arlund C: On the safety of radial artery cannulation. Anesthesiology 1983, 59:42-47. Bedford RF: Long-term radial artery cannulation: effects on subsequent vessel function. Crit Care Med 1978, 6:64-67. Frezza EE, Mezghebe H: Indications and complications of arterial catheter use in surgical or medical intensive care units: analysis of 4932 patients. Am Surg 1998, 64:127-131. Kaye W: Invasive monitoring techniques: arterial cannulation, bedside pulmonary artery catherization, and arterial puncture. Heart Lung 1983, 12:395-427. Riker AI, Gamelli RL: Vascular complications and femoral artery catheterization in burn patients. J Trauma 1996, 41:904-905. Thomas F, Burke JP, Parker J, Orme JF, Gardner RM, Clemmer TP, Hill GA, Macfarlane P:The risk of infection related to radial vs femoral sites for arterial catherization.Crit Care Med 1983, 11:807-812. Norwood SH, Cormier B, McMahon NG, et al. Prospective study of catheter-related infection during prolonged arterial catheterization. Crit Care Med 1988; 16:836. Czepizak CA, OCallaghan JM, Venus B, Gravenstein N: Vascular access. In In Clinical anesthesia practice.. Edited by Kirby RR, Gravenstein N. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1994::542-550. Johnstone R, Greenhow D. Catheterization of the dorsalis pedis artery. Anesthesiology 1973; 39:654–655 Bedford RF. Long-term radial artery cannulation: effects on subsequent vessel formation. Crit Care Med. 1978;6:64-67. Groell R, Schaffler GJ, Rienmueller R. The peripheral intravenous cannula: a cause of venous air embolism. Am J Med Sci 1997; 314:300 Soderstrom CA, Wasserman DH, Dunham MC, Caplan ES, Cowley RA. Superiority of the femoral artery for monitoring: a prospective study. Am J Surg. 1982:144:309-312 Russell JA, Joel M, Hudson RJ, Mangano DT, Schlobohm RM. Prospective evaluation of radial and femoral artery catheterization sites in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:936-939. Teresa R. Cousins, John M. O’Donnell, Arterial cannulation: A critical review 2004:267,271. Complications and risk factors of peripheral arterial catheters used for haemodynamic monitoring in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine Bernd Volker Scheer1, Azriel Perel2 and Ulrich J Pfeiffer3

Narrative Perspecitve and Voice in Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice an

Narrative perspective and voice is a major aspect of a novella as Jeremy Hawthorn suggests in Studying the Novel, â€Å"[s]ource and medium affect the selection, the authority and the attitude towards what is recounted of the narrative† The narrative perspective can be used to shape or in some cases mis-shape the story. Looking at both Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and George Eliot’s Middlemarch, the narrators of these novellas hold a quality of influence over the reader. Through comparing and contrasting how the two different authors have used the narrative perspective to develop their novels, through voice, linguistic register, free indirect discourse and narrative distance in respect to the intimacy of the information shared with the reader. Looking at both Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and George Eliot’s Middlemarch, the point of view otherwise known as perspective and voice, do contrast one another. Perspective and voice are defined by Hawthorn, as the views of the characters and events in the novella are relatable by human experience, which in turn makes the novella more realistic . Pride and Prejudice can be seen in this light as the narrator explains events as the plot unfolds. In this line of thinking the voice can be interrupted as third person semi-omniscient, but the perspective is mainly Elizabeth Bennett. The use of a semi-omniscient voice works well as information is not so readily disclosed to the reader. Within Middlemarch the voice would be third-person omniscient as the narrator knows all and discloses this information, but the perspective would predominantly be Dorothea, Lydgate and the narrative. Through the narrative, the reader discovers information before the other characters within the novella. As Ha... ...res that make these books continue to live on for centuries. Due to the constraints of the essay not all aspects of the narrative perspective could be discussed and the role they play with the novellas. Works Cited †¢ Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice (Ware: Wordsworth Classics, 1993) †¢ Eagleton, T The English Novel (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005) †¢ Eliot, G Middlemarch (Ware: Wardworth Classics, 1994) †¢ Hawthorn, J, Studying the Novel (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2010) †¢ Morris, P Realism (Oxon: Routledge, 2003) †¢ Newton, K.M. ‘Narration in Middlemarch Revisited’ in George Eliot Review, 42 (2011), p. 19-25,6 [accessed 1 April 2014] †¢ Southam, B. C, ‘Jane Austen’, in The English Novel, ed. by A. E. Dyson (London: Oxford university Press, 1974)

Nvq Level 3 H&S

CU1530 Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings 1UNDERSTANDING WHY EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IS IMPORTANT IN THE WORK SETTING. 1. 1IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT REASONS PEOPLE COMMUNICATE. People communicate in order to establish and maintain relationships with others, to give and receive information and instructions, to understand and be understood, to share opinions, knowledge, feelings, and emotions, to give encouragement and show others they are valued. 1. EXPLAIN HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WORK SETTING. Effective communication helps us not only relate better to each other, it also helps us do more with minimal effort. Breakdown in communication in the work setting can lead to a number of things including a sense of anxiety, alienation as well as feelings of isolation. Positive communication skills like listening, open-ended questions and calm tone of voice help unite people because they are behavior’s that lead to sustained relationships.Workplace relationships also become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. A frequently overlooked quality is the ability to actively listen which will help you obtain more information to enforce better decisions. The power of effective communication is essential and the ability to have the chance to develop, expand and develop personal relationships will stand you in good stead and for the company. 2BE ABLE TO MEET THE COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE NEEDS, WISHES AND PREFERENCES OF INDIVIDUALS. . 2DESCRIBE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PROMOTING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. When communicating with others the content of the message needs to be clear, but it also needs to be said in a clear way. When receiving messages it is necessary to be alert to both verbal (spoken) and non-verbal (body language) messages. To communicate effectively keep in mind factors such as – environ ment: Are noise and activity levels too high? Do you need privacy? Would it be easier to have this conversation while carrying out an activity ogether? Walking or working side by side can ease the flow of conversation. Proximity: The better you know a person the closer you are likely to be physically. Closeness can encourage sharing. Positioning chairs at an angle rather than side by side makes it physically easier to talk to another person. Sitting directly opposite is more formal and can feel confrontational. Sometimes a table between you helps a person feel protected. Yelling from one room to another doesn’t aid communication!Orientation: Leaning forward can communicate that you are interested, but too close might invade ‘body space’. Turning away can show lack of interest, but standing directly opposite a person can be too direct, where being at an angle can provide a helpful space. Posture: Folded arms can look defensive and discourage communication. Friends and family without realizing, often mirror the other person’s posture during conversation, which is thought to increase a sense of familiarity. Standing over a person who is seated might feel patronizing or threatening.Touch: A light touch on a person’s arm or hand can communicate caring and understanding, but sometimes touch can feel intrusive, even threatening. Touch is a safeguarding issue and you must never impose yourself physically on a vulnerable adult. 3 BE ABLE TO OVERCOME BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION. 3. 1EXPLAIN HOW PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS MAY USE AND/OR INTERPRET COMMUNICATION METHODS IN DIFFERENT WAYS. Each individual communicates slightly differently according to their different background and experience and the service users we work with may have a diverse range of communication needs and preferences.Although individuals share personality traits in common with others, the unique make-up of these and the way they operate together is individual to that person. One individual might be quiet and reserved, another enthusiastic and bubbly and this will affect the way each communicates and responds to communication. There are also factors such as literacy skills, Literacy skills refer to a person’s competence in reading, writing and speaking in a particular language.The service users you work with may be at different levels of competence in literacy and need to be communicated with at a level they can cope with. Some adults struggle with literacy and may feel embarrassed by their difficulties. As well as literacy skills, some individuals will have better access to and be more competent using information and computer technology (ICT) than others. You should not assume that everyone you have dealings with at work has access to the internet and email, or mobile phones, or that they are competent in using such technology. . 2IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. Communication is not always straightforward and a number o f barriers can be encountered when working in health and social care settings. Communication is a complex process and can be interrupted at any stage by a number of different barriers for instance – when someone cannot receive or pass on information because they have an impairment to one or more of their senses, most commonly a visual or a hearing disability or communication is affected by the environment that people find themselves in.For example, someone who does not see very well will struggle to read written information in a dimly lit room. There are also barriers faced due to cultural differences when the same thing means different things in two cultures, communication can be difficult or when a person uses language that not everyone uses, such as saying they have a problem with their waterworks. This can mean their plumbing system but also means a problem going to the toilet.Sometimes it may be appropriate to use slang with your peers but in normal working with colleagu es or service users you should avoid using any language that can be misunderstood or misinterpreted or that might cause offence. 3. 5 EXPLAIN HOW TO ACCESS EXTRA SUPPORT OR SERVICES TO ENABLE INDIVIDUALS TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY. Some people have communication difficulties that require extra support or services to enable them to communicate effectively.

Boston Tea Party Essay

On December 16, 1773, a monumental event took place that was crucial to the growth of the American Revolution. This event was known as The Boston Tea Party, taking place in Boston, a city in the British colony of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Patriots were in immense disapproval on how parliament was trying to monopolize the market on American tea importation granted to the East India Company (Boston Tea Party). The East India Company was a failing British corporation. This Company was on the verge of bankruptcy. They had millions of pounds of unsold tea that sat in warehouses. The idea was to persuade English and colonial consumers to buy East India Company tea to save one of Britain’s largest corporations. In order to make this happen, British Parliament proposed the Tea Act of 1773. The Tea Act allowed the East India Company to sell through agents in America without paying the taxes normally collected in Britain, which allowed the company to undersell even smugglers in the colonies (David Goldfield). What drew major controversy with the Tea Act was that it retained the three pence Townshend duty on tea imported to the colonies. The colonists objected to the Tea Act. They believed that this act violated their rights to â€Å"No taxation without representation,† which meant that they would only be taxed by their own elected representatives and not by the British Parliament that did not represent them. Regardless of what the colonists thought, consignees were selected in Boston, New York, Charleston, and Philadelphia, and then 500,000 pounds of tea were shipped across the Atlantic in September. The first tea ship, Dartmouth, reached Boston November 27, and two more were sent shortly after that. There were several meetings held demanding that the tea be sent back to England with the duty not paid for. Tension was rising when patriot groups tried to persuade the consignees and the governor to accept this approach. On December 16th, citizens, some disguised as Mohawk Indians, pushed toward Griffin’s Wharf and boarded the tea ships (Boston Tea Party). In a course of three hours they dumped three hundred and forty two chests of tea into the harbor, turning it into a teapot (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). The chests held more than 90,000 pounds of tea, which would cost nearly $1,000,000 dollars today (Boston Tea Party). There were certainly several participants and witnesses to the accounts of what occurred at the Boston Tea Party. Although all of the participants were taking part in the same event, their memories of their accounts do seem to differ. The first thing that I noticed was the number of participants. David Kinnison, the longest surviving participant from the Boston Tea Party, claims that there were only 24 men involved (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). His statement matches up well with Samuel Cooper, a participant that was just 16 at the time, who claims that there were around 20 men (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). Then you have John Andrews, claiming that there were around 200 citizens dressed as Indians. Another thing that seems unclear is the way the ships were taken over (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). George Hewes, a Boston shoemaker and participant, states that they were divided into 3 groups, one for each ship. Joshua Wyeth, also a participant, who was only just 16, also states that they took to the three ships at the same time. On the other hand, the Massachusetts Gazette states that they worked their way from ship to ship, after emptying one ship they would move to the next. There are many differences in the accounts of what exactly happened at the Boston Tea Party, which I think helps decipher the truthful accounts from the fabricated ones (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). Most of the witnesses that were actually a part of the Boston Tea Party had testimonies that were exceptionally similar. I believe the only thing that may have caused them to be slightly different would be the fact that it was a little over half a century later when they were trying to recollect the events. I also think that the participants swearing to secrecy had an impact on some of the misleading information, such as the discrepancy on the number of participants. Most of the participants had mentioned around 20 men being involved, when in fact the number was found to be a lot greater than that. The participants in the destruction did not even acknowledge each other even when boarding the ships, breaking open the chests and dumping the tea, so of course they are not going to be truthful about how many citizens were actually involved. I also believe that some of the information misinterpreted for fabrication might be due to the participant not writing their story themselves. George Hewes account of what happened was written by him, Joshua Wyeth’s account was recorded from his words, Samuel Cooper’s came directly from him also. All of these accounts seemed to be relatively similar; where as accounts that were retold by biographers may have changed along the way. Also, participants stories did not coincide on what time the event was actually over. John Andrews wrote that before nine o’clock every chest was destroyed, but Samuel Cooper’s account placed the end of the destruction at ten o’clock (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). Considering that Samuel Cooper had a role in this momentous event, I would give him the benefit of the doubt as to telling the truth of when the event actually came to an end (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). Another person who played an interesting role in the Boston Tea Party was Paul Revere. Revere felt strongly about the movement toward political independence from Great Britain. He was a very well rounded artisan and intellectual. Revere was a silversmith whose work brought him in close contact with patriots like John Hancock and Samuel Adams. He used his talents to support the colonial struggle against Britain. Revere soon assumed the role of a leader, along with Adams, of the Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty were a secret patriotic organization formed in 1765 to prevent the Stamp Act (Paul Revere). The Sons of Liberty also organized the Boston Tea Party. Revere was also one of the many patriots who dressed up as an Indian and took part in the Boston Tea Party Protest against parliamentary taxation without representation (Boston Tea Party Historical Society). After the Tea Party, Revere was sent by the citizens of Boston to deliver news of the party to the other colonists in New York and Philadelphia. When he returned, he was appointed one of 25 men by the citizens of Boston to stand guard over the tea bearing vessels, in order to prevent the overexcited townspeople from doing further damage to the ship (Facts on Paul Revere). I would say Paul Revere played a significant role in the Boston Tea Party; he played the part of a ringleader and was a very influential role model. The acts that he participated in would not be condoned by Britain. The Boston Tea Party ultimately captured the attention of Parliament and produced a furious reaction. A lot of people in America and also in Britain were surprised about the destruction of property in the Tea Party. Parliament decided that this epic event demanded an immediate display of power. In the spring of 1774, parliament passed a series of totalitarian measures to be known as the Coercive Acts. These acts included the Boston Port Act, which closed the port of Boston until Bostonians paid for the tea and uncollected duties. The Massachusetts Government Act, this act stated that members of the governor’s council and sheriffs would be appointed rather than elected and limited the number of town meetings that could be held without the governor’s prior approval. The Administration of Justice Act, which allowed any British soldier or official who was charged with a crime to be tried in England, where they would most likely receive a slap on the wrist. The Quartering Act of 1774 permitted the army to lodge soldiers in any civilian building if necessary. All of these acts were in response to the Boston Tea Party and attempts of Britain to gain royal control. Most colonists referred to these acts as the Intolerable Acts rather than the Coercive Acts, they viewed these acts as a threat to liberty in the colonies. The spirit of protest began to spread, more and more colonists became politicized. They began to realize their common interests as Americans and their differences from the British. America was starting to rebel, but had not yet launched a revolution (David Goldfield). Although, the acts they were taking were starting to have a major influence on America. The Boston Tea Party effected America in many ways. There were a lot of different factors and rebellious acts that eventually snowballed into war, but I would say the Boston Tea Party was the most significant. The passing of the Coercive Acts and parliaments refusal to revoke them led to a great deal of disgruntlement from the colonists. The Boston Tea party most definitely sparked the Revolution, which may have otherwise been delayed or never happened at all.

thurgood marshall essays

thurgood marshall essays Today I was born, I was the second son of William Marshall, my dad. I was born on July 2, 1908, in West Baltimore, Maryland. My father worked as a dining car waiter for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. This job was descent for African Americans at that time. My aunt once remarked that when I was a child I was very cute and I had big dark eyes. On September 4, 1929 I married a women named Vivian Burey, although she was older then me I still accepted her. On that year I married Vivian, later we moved into a small house in Oxford, and I became a bellhoper, and waiter. During college years I was playing more than studying, and usually I got Bs and Cs as a grade, but Vivian turned me around and encouraged me to work harder. After that I started getting As. In 1932, I was a second year law student in college and I was asked to write an argument from my favorite teacher Mr. Hastie. Mr. Hastie was a graduate from Harvard University and was the first African American Federal Judge. Even though I lost side of the case I learned a lot about actual practice law. In 1933, I was the first graduate student in my law class. Although Harvard University offered me a scholarship I turned it down, because I wanted to achieve my future dream practice law. In 1933, I opened a small office in Baltimore. Although African American lawyers were rare, because a majority of judges were white African Americans would often hire white lawyers. In the first year of working I had to pay $1000 for rent. That was a lot of money at that time. When working in law I accepted people who needed lawyers for free, and news went around about what I was doing, and more and more people started coming. I was chosen to join the NAACP in 1934. I was not paid for it but I felt good to ...

Gangs of NY essays

Gangs of NY essays "America was born in the streets," reads the cover of the Gangs of New York DVD. This Historical film was undoubtedly one of the most popular films of 2003. To cast Cameron Diaz, and Leonardo DiCaprio together in a ten-time academy award nominated film, Martin Scorsese must get credit for being a part of History, if not re-creating it. Over one hundred and thirty-five of the top critics agreed that it was one of the years top pictures, according to the DVD cover, but not all historical critics may have felt the same way. One in particular, a professor at Loyola University in Chicago, was very harshly critical. And in his Article, Why Myth Matters, Timothy Gilfoyle makes some interesting points about why the movie was not as historically accurate as it could have been. While analyzing the factors that influence his skepticism, it is also important to take into consideration the point of view he is coming from as a historian, as well as the views of those that see Scorseses version of the Gangs of New York as an accurate depiction. The film's thesis, put simply, is that pre-modern America was dangerously vicious, and through bloody warfare, Irish immigrants fought with protestants and other immigrants to find a place for themselves on the economic social ladder. Levels of servitiude and heroism were differentiated by this bloody warfare and street violence. Even during the Civil War, the great turning point in American history, the Union was hardly unified. Within that context, before the advent of professional police forces, social services, and housing codes, urban slum-dwellers led their lives in chaotic, desperate, sometimes violent circumstances. Gangs warred over territorial grounds competing with corrupt police and others that posed as a threat to the immigrant evolution in America. Gangs of New York makes the attempt to re-create this history in a bloody, filthy, and slum...

The Scarlet Letter Study Guide

The Scarlet Letter Study Guide Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter, is a classic of early American literature. Written at a time when American cultural identity was starting to develop, the author portrays a believable representation of a Puritan colony during the nation’s earliest days. The book tells the story of Hester Prynne, a woman in 17th century Boston- then known just as the Massachusetts Bay Colony- who is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† on her chest as punishment for having a baby out of wedlock. Through the story of Hester, Hawthorne explores the community as a whole and the norms and mores under which it operates. Fast Facts: The Scarlet Letter Title: The Scarlet LetterAuthor: Nathaniel HawthornePublisher: Ticknor, Reed FieldsYear Published: 1850Genre: Historical fictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Shame and judgment, public vs. private, scientific and religious beliefsMain Characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, PearlNotable Adaptations: The 2010 teen comedy film â€Å"Easy A,† starring Emma Stone was partially inspired by the novel.Fun Fact: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s last name originally didn’t contain the â€Å"w,† but he added it to distance himself slightly from his family’s past. Plot Summary In mid-17th century Boston, then known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a woman named Hester Prynne is made to stand on a scaffold in the town square and endure abuse for several hours as punishment for birthing a child out of wedlock. The townspeople heckle her and implore her to reveal the child’s father, but she refuses. While this occurs, a stranger arrives in the colony and watches from the back of the crowd. When Hester is brought to her cell, the stranger visits her, and it is revealed that the man is her presumed dead husband from England, Roger Chillingworth. Once  Hester is released from jail, she lives alone with her daughter, Pearl, and dedicates herself to needlepointing. She lives in isolation from the rest of the community, which has scorned her. As Pearl grows up, she develops into a rambunctious young child, so much so that members of the town say that she should be removed from her mother’s care. Upon hearing this, Pearl makes an impassioned plea to the governor, who rules in her favor after the popular town minister, Arthur Dimmesdale, speaks to support her. While Hester is living alone with Pearl, Dimmesdale, whose health has begun to deteriorate, has found a new roommate: Chillingworth- who, as a physician, was assigned to take care of the beloved minister. This poses a problem for Dimmesdale, who is desperate to hide his shame from the rest of the community. At one point, though, the doctor sees a dark mark on the priest’s chest. Later, Dimmesdale is out walking one night, and winds up at the scaffold, where he reflects that he cannot bring himself to admit his guilt. He runs into Hester and Pearl. They talk and Hester reveals that she will tell Chillingworth the identity of Pearl’s father. This sends Dimmesdale into an even deeper depression, and he ultimately reveals himself to be Pearl’s father in front of the town upon the scaffold, shortly after giving one of his most rousing sermons. He then dies in Hester’s arms. Hester moves back to England (though she ultimately returns) with Pearl, who receives a large inheritance from Chillingworth upon his death. Major Characters Hester Prynne. Hester is the protagonist and wearer of the eponymous totem. She is a very independently minded woman, as evidenced by her committing adultery and her behavior after the fact. She is also a morally upright person in general- as opposed to the rest of the townspeople who believe themselves to be but aren’t. She eventually works her way back, somewhat, into the town’s good graces through her deeds, and ultimately rejects both of her suitors in favor of blazing her own trail. Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale is the town’s beloved minister, a public role he uses to shield his private involvement in an affair with Hester. Throughout the book he feels deep guilt and inner conflict over his behavior and public deceit- which ultimately kills him. Roger Chillingworth. Chillingworth is Hester’s older husband from England, but he did not come over with her, and is presumed dead by Hester, making his arrival quite surprising. He is a physician by trade, and is therefore assigned by the town to take care of Dimmesdale when his health begins to worsen. Pearl. Pearl is Hester’s (and Dimmesdale’s) daughter, and, as such, is the living embodiment of Hester’s â€Å"guilt†- and of her love and goodness, too. Pearl is often referred to as devilish, and at one point the townspeople try to have her taken away from Hester as further punishment. She never learns her father’s identity, or the meaning of the â€Å"A.†Ã‚   Major Themes Shame and Judgment. From the very beginning, the colony judges Hester and makes her feel ashamed for her actions, even though she was just following her heart and didn’t really hurt anybody. Dimmesdale, too, feels shame for his role in the affair, but he isn’t judged for it, since it remains a secret to all but him and Hester. Public vs. Private. Hester’s role in the affair is very public, and she is, therefore, punished very cruelly for it. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, escapes punishment because his role is unknown. As a result, she must bear her burden outwardly, which is painful no doubt, but she can exorcise it, whereas Dimmesdale must keep it to himself, which ultimately kills him. Scientific and Religious Beliefs. Through the relationship between Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, Hawthorne explores the differing roles in Puritan society of science and religion. The story is set at a time just before the Scientific Revolution, so it is still a deeply religious community. This can be seen through Dimmesdale, who is quite popular and an established authority figure, as opposed to Chillingworth, who is an outsider and new to the colony.   Literary Style The novel is framed by an opening story, â€Å"The Custom-House,† in which the narrator, who bears many biographical similarities to Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells of his time working at the customs house in Salem. There he discovers a scarlet â€Å"A† and a manuscript that tells of the happenings in the colony a century earlier; this manuscript then forms the basis of the novel, which is written by the narrator of â€Å"The Custom-House.† The book creates a convincing representation of life in one of America’s earliest communities, and makes use of the lexicon of that time. About the Author Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to an old Puritan family; one of his ancestors was the only judge involved in the Salem Witch Trials who never repented his actions. Hawthorne’s work, which focused mostly on life in New England, was part of the Romanticism movement, and usually contained dark themes and love affairs, and deeply moral and complex psychological portraits. He is considered a pioneer of American literature and one of the nation’s greatest novelists.

Competitive Environment Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competitive Environment Questions - Essay Example It takes place in imperfect market and monopoly market is a perfect example which provides restraints towards entry. There are no barriers to entry in a perfectly competitive market where the firms are price takers and have no power of price making behavior. Barriers to entry may be structural, legal or strategic (Besanko, et al, -2010, p. 473). Structural barriers affect the decisions associated with the cost and demand of the firms and it may occur due to economies of scale and network effects. Legal barriers from its name can be said to be barriers like patents, license etc from the ruling body. In case of strategic barriers, it includes various decisions made by the firms in restricting the entry of other firms with application of methods like innovative dealing arrangements, first mover advantage, and unique advertising and product differentiation techniques and so on (Competition and Barriers to Entry, 2007, p.3). 1 (b) Comment generally on the impact of ‘the Internetâ₠¬â„¢ on such barriers Internet auction market is an example of structural barriers to entry. The concept of positive network externality plays an important role in this case. The concept of positive network externality states that when a firm’s product is more attractive to a given customer base then more of the product is used by other consumers. Recent eBay. Com has emerged as one of the internet auction leader and its huge database offers the customers a wide array of products to be purchased at a time. The huge volume of transactions on this particular website is a typical example of barriers to entry towards other internet auction companies as in case of eBay they make huge money through the basis of commissions on transactions. Now a newcomer will have to either huge money which will not cover his cost or it will not be attractive as eBay because it already has a great market reputation and mammoth customer base (Besanko, et al, -2010, p. 473).The concept of strategic b arriers to entry is also associated with the structural barrier concept as the various companies through innovative production differentiation techniques like innovative advertisement, promotions, lucrative offer also try to capture markets as for example jabong.com, flipkart.com, snap deal.com and holds parity with the assumptions of monopolistic competition. In case of the airlines industry, with the use of internet has helped various travel agents reap a huge benefit through third party transactions on commission basis which affects the traditional travel agencies. Thus legal barriers are sometimes imposed (Dembrower & Grenblad, 2003, p. 3). 2. Explain and give examples of ‘collusive behaviour’, which is common in ‘Oligopolistic’ markets, AND identify the conditions necessary for ‘collusive agreements’ to survive in the long term. In oligopolistic markets various players cater to the same industry as for example in the soft drinks market two dominant players are Coca Cola and Pepsi. They formulate and implement optimal strategies against their rivals in order to make them worse off by calculating on their respective reaction functions (Bertrand game). Thus the

Chopin Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chopin Biography - Essay Example It was in Warsaw, the Polish capital where Frederic Chopin spent most of the twenty years of his life. He made his debut in 1818 when he played a concerto by Gyrowetz, which was then followed by the publication of his Rondo in C minor at the Warsaw Conservatory in 1825 (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Following his debut, he presented his own compositions, F minor and E minor Concerti in Warsaw in March and October of 1830 (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Before Frederic Chopin became a pianist, he was left to develop on his own. Since the Warsaw Conservatory had no great piano teachers, he had to use his own skills (Biography of Frederic†¦). His love for Bach and Mozart served as his inspiration as he kept on mastering the piano (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Frederic Chopin eventually became a skilled pianist and a good number of his works were for solo piano (Paterson, 2008). â€Å"Many of these works are fairly short in duration, such as the Preludes, Etudes, Waltzes, Impromptus, Nocturnes and Scherzos, as well as the previously mentioned Polish dance forms of the Mazurka and Polonaise† (Paterson, 2008). More significant was his ballade, which is â€Å"free in style like a stream of consciousness but with an internal logic† (Paterson, 2008). This theme of consciousness was present in all his preludes, most especially Prelude Numbers 15, 4, 6, 7 and 20. Another famous work was the Minute Waltz which was said to be a nickname of his piece (Paterson, 2008). Frederic-Francois Chopin had the novelist George Sand as his companion for ten years, but she left him when Chopin had tuberculosis while in Paris (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Soon after that, October 17, 1849, Chopin died at the age of 39 (Polish American Journal, 2007). â€Å"Chopins technique was flawless, and he always caused great excitement with the evenness of his scales and the careful manipulation of his legato (Piano-Paradise.com, 2005). Today he remains as one of the

Ethical Perspectives in Managing Talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical Perspectives in Managing Talent - Essay Example In order to determine the scope and functionality of talent management, certain ethical factors will be considered from an organisational viewpoint. However, various scholars have argued about managing talent in an ethical manner. In this connection, a detailed analysis about various significant facets of talent management will also be taken into account. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 This paper intends to make a detailed analysis of how a particular organisation can manage talent concerning ethical perspectives. Moreover, how talent fits in the ethics debate will also be portrayed in this paper. 5 Report Discussion 5 Theoretical Explanation 5 Organizational Viewpoint 7 Critical Evaluation 9 Conclusion 12 Recommendation 12 References 13 Introduction In the present day context, the majority of business organizations face significant challenges and difficulties regarding the global talent management. It has been apparently observed that every organization through out the globe always concerns the aspect of talent management in order to adopt effectual strategic decisions. ... From the perspective of human capital, a few of the researchers visualise the notion of talent management as a key to success of an organization (Tansley, 2011). By taking into concern today’s business scenario, talent management is considered to be one of the imperative aspects relating to corporate human resource (HR) and training. In general, it can be stated that an organisation is typically created using various levels of skilled people. These people act as a creating value towards different arenas that include business process, innovation development, sales and customer service that ultimately assists organisations in accomplishing their desired business targets to a greater extent. In order to develop this value, an HR department should follow a talent management procedure in terms of recruiting, supporting, managing, training and compensating skilled people. One of the significant aspects that must be taken into concern is regarding how this entire process can be manag ed in an ethical manner (Vaiman, 2012). This paper intends to make a detailed analysis of how a particular organisation can manage talent concerning ethical perspectives. Moreover, how talent fits in the ethics debate will also be portrayed in this paper. Report Discussion Talent management comprises skilled people and valuable resources in order to respond to the change and tackle with the complex business operating situation. It also embraces the development, maintenance, support and the people oriented organizational culture. Contextually, talent management is considered as a deliberative approach that is adopted by most of the organisations in order to attract and retain people possessing their respective skills for the

The Indain And The Horse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Indain And The Horse - Essay Example The arrival of Europeans greatly impacted the native societies and cultures and brought about a sea change in their lifestyles. Along with slavery, cultural intolerance, fatal diseases and inhuman practices, the Europeans and Spaniards introduced the horse to these Native Americans. Mexico was the primary source of horses' for North America as were the populations of southeastern USA. Although the modern variety of horses had originally evolved in America three million years ago, they had been wiped out during the Ice Age along with many other species when there had been a drastic change in North American habitat. Hunting by paleo-Indians also contributed to their extinction. Colonial Spanish Horses (as they came to be called), were brought to America by Spanish Conquistadors and hold immense significance in the history of the New World and the cultural revolution that took place following European colonization. "The horse returned to North America when explorers Cortes and DeSoto came mounted on magnificent Barbs from Morocco, Sorraia from Portugal and Andalusians from Spain" (History 1492-1620 The Spanish Colonial Period).To start with, these horses were a source of strength for the Spaniards and facilitated conquer of many a native civilization (D. Phillip Sponenberg). The natives were not accustomed to such large animals and were initially terrified; moreover, the Spanish government policy forbade native Indians to own or use horses. Many natives had their first encounter with these animals as slaves and workers on Spanish ranchos where they eventually got acquainted and learnt how to train, use and control them (History 1620-1800 The Indian Horse Pe riod). Many North American Indians acquired and learnt horse riding and handling from Indians from the southwest through trade relations. In the late seventeenth century, the Pueblo Rebellion caused the Spanish to flee New Mexico and leaving many of their horses behind which turned out to be very advantageous for the Pueblo Indians (History 1620-1800 The Indian Horse Period). The Ute Indians the Comanche were inter-related and the later probably supplied the former with their horses. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Comanche had earned a notorious reputation among the Spanish in New Mexico because of their horse stealing raids on Spanish rancheros. The Comanche allowed the Spanish stay in Texas to help them raise horses (Eddins, Ned). "The Comanche became the epitome of the Plains Indian Horse Culture. There was a saying in Texas that "The white man will ride the Mustang until he is played out - the Mexican will take him and ride him another day until he thinks he is tired - the Comanche will get on him and ride him to where he is going" (Frank Dobie). Within a few decades after acquiring horses, many military leaders considered the Comanche as the finest light cavalry in the world" (Eddins, Ned). Comanche warriors mediated the horse trade between Indian tribes and French settlements east of the Mississippi in a major way. In this way, horse trade eventually spread out of the southwest towards north to the Shoshone and from them to the Nez Perce, Flatheads, and the Crow; north and east to the Kiowa and Pawnee and then to the cousins of the Pawnee, the Arikara (Eddins, Ned). Indians not only acquired horses from the Spanish, the warriors emulated the Spanish in terms of handling, riding, and use of equipment. From the Arikara, the

Augmenting the Level of Production of Renewable Energy within the UK Coursework

Augmenting the Level of Production of Renewable Energy within the UK - Coursework Example The report discusses the various prospects and policies of the project along with its implication upon the stakeholders specifically the natural environment. Notably, the approach of the Department of Energy and Climate Change to initiate the Severn Tidal Power can be regarded as a positive attempt to ensure a better and sustainable position for the energy sector of the nation. It also attempts to depict the positive impact the project can have on the future generations in terms of environmental sustainability and abundance of natural power and resources. However, the analysis suggested that the approach might cause severe negative implication upon the natural environment and habitat that can further endanger the lives of the aquatic animals. Contextually, several key recommendations have been made to mitigate the same in the long run. In the present day context, the climate change has become one of the sever issues in the global environment and likewise, authorities of each and ever y nation are emerging with approaches to deal with this particular environmental concern one-way or the other. There are numerous approaches that can be adapted to deal with the contemporary environmental issue. One such approach is the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases to the natural environment. Contextually, this particular report will provide a brief overview of the approaches of the UK government to mitigate the environmental problems prevalent within the nation. The Committee on Climate Change has emphasized the production of renewable energy so that negative impact towards the environment could be mitigated. Likewise, this report will focus on providing a critical assessment of the proposal of the Department of Energy and Climate Change of UK to comprehend its probable effectiveness in a comprehensive manner.

Paolo's Pizza Parlour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Paolo's Pizza Parlour - Essay Example In our situation, the offer of Gino was to sell the next consignment of salami to Paolo. He did not say that he is offering his current supply of goods or the goods, which are already in his possession. It could be that the goods are still to be acquired subject to the acceptance of Paolo of the offer to sell by Gino. The fact that Marco informed Palo that Gino sold all his salami to the owner of the Italian Restaurant is of no consequence. The offer to sell is between Gino and Paolo and Marco has no legal part in it. My advice to Paolo would be to go on accepting the offer of Gino as agreed. The fact that he is given until Friday to communicate his acceptance of the offer, he can avail of such time. On the part of Gino, the acceptance of Paolo is biding upon him since he did not withdraw his offer to sell before the time it was accepted. Situation 2 gives us a picture of an employee-employer relationship and a promise to give extra pay for the services rendered by the employee. Paolo offered Alfonso a bonus if there pizza can be delivered on time. Alfonso accepted the offer and he worked extra hours to get the job done and the pizza delivered on time. However, Paolo refused to honour his promise on the claim that the services performed by Alfonso is within the normal course of business for which he is paid for. Is Paolo right? Under the GUARANTEE PAYMENTS PL724 (Rev 2), the normal working hours should be clear from an employees written statement of employment particulars taken together with any relevant collective agreement. They may include overtime hours, where the contract of employment requires both the employee to work them and the employer to provide and pay for overtime work. Under normal circumstances, the employee and the employer agree a specific number of hours when the employee may render services for the salary given by the employer. Such activities include the normal business transaction of the employer. Following the facts of the

Augmenting the Level of Production of Renewable Energy within the UK Coursework

Augmenting the Level of Production of Renewable Energy within the UK - Coursework Example The report discusses the various prospects and policies of the project along with its implication upon the stakeholders specifically the natural environment. Notably, the approach of the Department of Energy and Climate Change to initiate the Severn Tidal Power can be regarded as a positive attempt to ensure a better and sustainable position for the energy sector of the nation. It also attempts to depict the positive impact the project can have on the future generations in terms of environmental sustainability and abundance of natural power and resources. However, the analysis suggested that the approach might cause severe negative implication upon the natural environment and habitat that can further endanger the lives of the aquatic animals. Contextually, several key recommendations have been made to mitigate the same in the long run. In the present day context, the climate change has become one of the sever issues in the global environment and likewise, authorities of each and ever y nation are emerging with approaches to deal with this particular environmental concern one-way or the other. There are numerous approaches that can be adapted to deal with the contemporary environmental issue. One such approach is the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases to the natural environment. Contextually, this particular report will provide a brief overview of the approaches of the UK government to mitigate the environmental problems prevalent within the nation. The Committee on Climate Change has emphasized the production of renewable energy so that negative impact towards the environment could be mitigated. Likewise, this report will focus on providing a critical assessment of the proposal of the Department of Energy and Climate Change of UK to comprehend its probable effectiveness in a comprehensive manner.

The Gender of the Travestis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Gender of the Travestis - Essay Example Interesting a topic, Kulick undertakes to study the lives of the travestis and their general take on the question of gender identity. So to what gender do travestis belong to? Kulick, through a series of illustrations and interviews with volunteer travestis, gives comprehensive details about the travestis. Surprising as it can be for a person changing his or her gender, to the travestis, it is a norm. Most people who hear of travestis the first time think of them as being abnormal. They are somewhat an in-between gender, completely lost from the normal life and perhaps they live in a world of their own, away from reality. Kulick candidly suggests: â€Å"We see reality like it is, they [travestis] don’t. They live in a world of fantasy.† (p.94). Kulick finds out that travestis are not generally accepted in their homes or families. Once they start on the journey to becoming travestis, often at the age of as low as ten, they are no longer wanted by their parents. Their spirit growing stronger, most aspiring travestis will choose to leave their families and go out on their own, and some are forcibly expelled (p.59). Kulick gives an example of Keila, a travesti who chose to leave their home at the age of thirteen (p.59) and went to live alone, this time too choosing a female name. This tells about the pains the travestis are determined to endure to be fully free, or else to belong to the ‘gender’ of their choice. That is not the end: â€Å"Travestis consider that males are males and females are females because of the genitals they possess.† (p.193). This derives a strong conviction, on their part, that they should retain their genitals – it does not matter the genital one possesses and at least they respect God’s thus creation of genitals (p.193) – so the travestis never remove their penises.

Role of Pectic Enzymes in Fruit Ripening Process

Role of Pectic Enzymes in Fruit Ripening Process ABSTRACT Fruits are important natural sources of human nutrition for regulation of several metabolic functions and maintenance of good health. They are one of the significant commercial food commodities and their economic value depends on several limiting factors. They easily undergo ripening in a shorter period of time and have a limited post-harvest existence. Fruit ripening is a common phenomenon occurring in fruits based on which they are harvested, consumed directly or processed for various purposes. It is an intricate phenomenon involving extremely synchronized, genetically encoded and an irreversible process that results in a sequence of biochemical, physical and organoleptic alterations in a fruit. This finally develops into soft, palatable and a ripe fruit which possess necessary quality characteristics. On the other hand, excessive ripening results in spoilage of fruits. Ripening is related to the modifications of cell wall polysaccharides like starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and p ectins. Despite of several changes occurring in fruits such as loss of turgor, starch degradation and loss of contents during ripening, enzyme-catalysed variations to cell wall composition and structure are considered as main reason for softening of fruits. Pectic enzymes are a group of enzymes responsible for pectin degradation in fruits. They are termed as pectinase that includes pectic lyase, polygalacturonase, pectic methyl esterase and rhamnogalacturonase. Pectic enzymes degrade pectin resulting in softening and senescence in fruits. Pectins are the important polysaccharides occurring in middle lamella and primary cell wall. It contributes to the texture, consistency and quality of fruits. Degradation of pectin during ripening process was known to cause fruit tissue softening. Recent developments in molecular biology have helped in better understanding of fruit ripening mechanism due to enzymic activity. A review about the role of pectic enzymes on the plant cell walls to bring about softening during ripening process is discussed. Keywords: Fruits, cell wall polysaccharides, pectin, pectic enzymes, ripening INTRODUCTION Fruits are important sources of human nutrition and it is a commercially essential food commodity. Fruits are greatly specialized structures developed from a matured and pollinated ovary which have aesthetic characteristics with delicate aroma, striking colours, flavour, taste and juiciness from the edible seed vessels or receptacles (Prasanna et al., 2007). Prasanna et al., (2007) have indicated that fruits possess a wide variety of nutritional substances like vitamins (B-complex, C and K), phenolics and carotene providing higher energy value. They are classified as temperate, tropical and sub-tropical fruits based on their distribution in nature (Prasanna et al., 2007). When completely matured, harvesting of fruits is done. Maturity and ripening of fruits depends on their catalytic mechanism and based on the respiration pattern and biosynthesis of ethylene during ripening, harvested fruits are grouped as climacteric (capable of ripening after detachment from parent plant) and non-c limacteric (unable to continue ripening when detached from parent plant) type (Prasanna et al., 2007). Fruit ripening is an intricate irreversible phenomenon which is highly synchronized and genetically encoded causing biochemical, physiological and organoleptic alterations resulting in a ripened edible fruit (Prasanna et al., 2007). Several factors involved in ripening of fruits are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Factors involved in fruit ripening (Koning, 1994) Plant cell walls are complex structures which contain polysaccharides, proteins and enzymes. Pectin which contributes about one-third of the plant cell wall in dicots plays a crucial role in tissue development, adherence of cells, apoplastic porosity and so on (Almeida and Huber, 2007). Pectin is in control of maintenance of integrity of cell wall. It forms a cross-link between cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucans as shown in Figure 2. During ripening, pectin is greatly modified by the enzyme actions resulting in relaxing of cellular interconnections. This leads to loosening and hydrolysis of cell wall polymers which is the main reason for softening of fruit tissues (Gwanpua et al., 2014). Figure 1: Plant cell wall structure (Sticklen, 2008) Texture, an important quality attribute in fruits is altered leading to softening of fruits during ripening (Barret and Gonzalez, 1994). The mechanisms involved in fruit ripening were not understood clearly. It may be due to several factors like turgor loss, starch deprivation, loss of nutritional contents and so on (Ali et al., 2004). The major changes in texture causing softness where due to enzyme-catalysed changes in the cell wall assembly and composition, cell wall polysaccharides (pectin and cellulose) solubilization partially or completely (Waldron and Faulds, 2007). It has been studied by Rodriguez and Restrepo (2011) that, Pectic constituents is an important determinant of the firmness and consistency of the fruits (Van Buren, 1991). Pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG) and Pectateliase (PL) are major pectic enzymes responsible for softening of fruit tissues during ripening (Rodriguez and Restrepo, 2011). Rodriguez and Restrepo (2011) have also indicated that, combine d action of these enzymes add to the final texture of fruit and when these enzymes undergo excessive reactions with pectin, it results in notorious softening and provides perfect conditions for microbial attack. Gwanpua et al., (2014) studied that softening is one of the significant changes occurring in climacteric fruit ripening. They were more prone to microbial infections and physical damages and may adverse during prolonged storage. Fruit firmness determines its economic value and considerable effects were taken to control softness of fruits due to enzymic action, metabolic changes and changes in storage conditions (Gwanpua et al., 2014). Softening associated with the ripening mediated by the pectic enzyme action on plant cell walls of different fruits is discussed in this study. 2. Pectic enzymes Pectinases are commonly referred to as pectic enzymes. They act upon pectin constituents of cell wall matrix resulting in softening of fruits. Polygalacturonase (PG), Pectin methyl esterase (PME), Pectin lyase (PL) are some of the major pectic enzymes classified based on their type of action involved in degradation of pectins. The modes of action of these enzymes are as shown in figure 2. Figure 3: Mode of action of pectolytic enzymes (Van Rensburg and Pretorius, 2000). PME causes de-esterification by catalysing the pectin methyl group hydrolysis (Prasanna et al., 2007). They were known to usually attack on the methyl ester linkages of a galacturonate entity which lies next to non-esterified galacturonate component. This process acts as a precondition for polygalacturonase activity (Prasanna et al., 2007). Rodriguez and Restrepo (2011) implicated that pectin methyl esterases (PME) were found to alter pectin in case of low methoxy pectin and in polygalacturonic acid by hydrolysis of methyl ester bonds in esterified carboxyls. It was observed that the softening process could be controlled by the control of this enzyme action in fruits like pear, grape, citrus, tomato, strawberry, arracacha, potato, papaya, kiwi and guava (Rodriguez and Restrepo, 2011; Prasanna et al., 2007). PG, referred as Pectolytic glycanase is an essential hydrolytic enzyme playing an important role in pectin termination (Prasanna et al., 2007). They act on pectic acids and ÃŽ ±-1, 4- glycosidic bonds are hydrolysed between the residues of galacturonic acid in galacturonans. They are categorized as endo-PG and exo-PG (Prasanna et al., 2007). Prasanna et al., (2007) studied that Endo-PG act randomly in pectin de-polymerization and exo-PG releases galacturonic acid by catalysing the glycosidic bonds hydrolysis from the non-reducing end of the pectic substances. It is recognized that middle lamella dissolution in the course of fruit ripening were done by PG. PL undergoes mechanism of ÃŽ ²-elimination of the glycosidic bonds (Prasanna et al., 2007). They also indicated that PL acts an endo-enzyme which acts randomly during cleavage of esterified galacturonate units. PL was known to act at methyl-ester bonds leading to beta-elimination of glycosidic bonds by formation of double bonds in galacturonic acids (Rodriguez and Restrepo, 2011). Rodriguez and Restrepo (2011) specified that pectin lyase (PL) enzyme were responsible for cell wall degradation resulting in softening of banana and strawberries. The changes in pectin due to these enzymes action were as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Action of Pectolytic enzymes on pectin (Prasanna et al., 2007) 2.1. Role of pectic enzymes in softening during ripening in different fruit varieties Pectic enzymes play an important role in ripening of fruit by degradation of pectic substances found in fruits. Several researches were conducted in different fruit varieties and in their respective juices to understand the role of pectic enzymes in softening of fruit tissues and their intended use in preparation of fruit juices to enhance mashing of fruits, for clarification of fruit juices and also to increase the release of flavours from fruits (Whitaker, 1984). Invitro-studies of some selected fruits and their pectic enzymic activity is discussed. Besford and Hobson (1972) studied the pectic enzyme activity in tomato fruit and concluded that action of PG/ PME or transelimination by pectic transeliminase were not responsible for tomato ripening. Almedia and Huber (2008) have indicated that softening of tomato fruit during ripening were not associated with the PG activity eventhough they remained active in ripened fruit. Enzymic activities of other fruits are studied comparing with tomato as model fruit (Ali et al., 2004). Pires and Finardi-Filho (2005) have extracted PE and PG from Peruvian carrots to understand the pectic enzyme activities in carrot and found that pectinases along with amylases would act together to bring about spoilage in tubers. Owino et al., (2004) have studied about the alterations in fig fruits during ripening due to changes in cell-wall polysaccharides. They have concluded that qualitative differences in both receptacle and drupelets were observed in pectic polymers compared to the hemi-cellulosic substances. This indicates that ripening of fig is associated with modifications in pectin. Several studies were done to understand ripening of strawberries genetically as it softens rapidly (Pombo et al., 2009; Bustamante et al., 2006). It was observed that cell wall degradation were due to pectin dissoloution by pectic enzyme activities in strawberries which enters ripening phase quicker overlapping with the senescence. Manrique and Lajolo (2004) discussed about the cell-wall modifications in papaya fruit during postharvest ripening. They found that several enzymic actions are involved in papaya fruit during the entire period. There were notable changes in pectic polymers during papaya ripening which were mainly due to PG activity and probably due to PME as there were charge density modifications in polymers (Manrique and Lajolo, 2004). Avocado fruit undergoes pectin depolymerisation in contrast to other fruits and it was observed that it was the only fruit in which huge amounts of pectin were readily solubilizing under milder conditions (Pesis et al., 1978; Huber at al., 2001). In case of apples, exo-PG, PME and PL activity were observed to cause changes in cell wall polysaccharides (Goulao et al., 2007; Oritz et al., 2011). Studies related to cell wall modification during ripening of apples reveals that exo-PG, PME and PL activity influences softening of apples (Goulao et al., 2007). Studies by Gw anpua et al., (2014) in jonagold apples have shown that increment of PG activity occurred late during ripening and PME activity did not influence the ripening process. Cheng et al., (2011) observed that banana fruit which enters softening during ripening were associated with pectic hydrolytic activity and it was mainly due to the combined effects of PG and PME activity. Abu-Goukh and Bashir (2003) have observed that softening of guava fruit and mango were mainly due to PG and cellulose activity during ripening which resulted in drop in firmness of the fruits. Similarly in case of peaches, softening is due to depolymerisation of pectin by endo-PG activity resulting in solubilization of cell-wall polymers (Yoshioka et al., 2011). 3. CONCLUSION Pectin polymers form a gel-like matrix which provides cell-wall integrity contributing to the firmness of fruits. It stabilizes the texture and colour of the fruit based on which freshness of fruits is determined. Commercial value of fruits is based on these quality attributes. Several researches conducted on different types of fruits indicate that pectic enzymes have an important role in softening of fruit tissues during ripening. They were known to cause pectin solubilization in cell-wall matrices by different modes of action like lysis, de-esterification and glycanase activity. Research studies conducted on selected types of fruits under in-vitro conditions indicated that Polygalacturonase activity is predominant in almost all-types of fruits compare to pectin methyl-esterase and Pectic-lyase activities. Pectic enzymes were not the only factor for softening of fruits during ripening as it is influenced by several other factors like changes in pH, temperature, harvesting period, st orage conditions, physical damage, microbial attack, presence of sugars, other hydrolytic, kinetic and amylase enzymes and so on. Better understanding of mechanism of pectic enzymes on primary cell-walls of fruits would enhance the control of softening and ripening process. This in turn, will improve the quality of fruits extending its shelf-life. Recent advancements favoured the isolation of pectic enzymes commercially which is used intentionally for accelerating the maturation of fruits, added in production of fruit juices to easily crush the fruits, to solubilize the complex cell-wall matrices, to release all nutrients, to control haze formation in juices, to enhance flavour and colour characteristics of fruit juices, and so on. Recent developments in molecular biology have paved a way for genetically understanding the pectic enzyme action on primary cell-walls in fruits. Henceforth, pectic enzymes play a determining role in softening associated with ripening of fruits.

The Evil King in Shakespeares Richard III Essay -- Richard II Richard

The Evil King in Shakespeare's Richard III Richard is an actor, a fully evil actor, who through his mastery of the stage has come to appreciate his skill. Richard Moulton, in his Shakespeare as a Dramatic Thinker, proclaims Richard's wonder at his own command of the stage: "Richard has become an artist in evil: the natural emotions attending crime-whether of passionate longing, or horror and remorse-have given place to artistic appreciation of masterpieces" (40). And Robert Weimann, comparing Richard Gloucester to a character in Shakespeare's King John states: "Both characters exemplify a strenuous need to perform, 'toiling desperately' to play a role, 'to find out,' and, for better or worse, to take up arms against a thorny world" (130). Richard Gloucester begins taking up arms against his world in the opening scene as he finds himself shunned in the manners of friendship and love, being "cheated of feature by dissembling nature" (1.1.19), and he decides to take on the role of scoundrel: "And therefore since I cannot prov e a lover / To entertain these fair well-spoken days, / I am determined to prove a villain / And hate the idle pleasures of these days" (1.1.28-31). The physical deformity that pushes Richard to his evil conniving may be nothing more than a creation by Shakespeare to further point out Richard's wickedness. Peter Kilby, author of "The Princes in the Tower," claims that in reality Richard had no deformity, and that Shakespeare created it because "physical deformities were considered to be outward signs of an evil nature" (11). Not so much, according to Zamir, who states: "Various sources tell us that he was short, that one of his arms was smaller than the other, that his legs, too, were of unequal si... ...66. Moulton, Richard G. Shakespeare as a Dramatic Thinker. New York: MacMillan, 1907. Oestreich-Hart, Donna J. "Therefore, Since I Cannot Prove a Lover." Studies in English Literature 40 (2000): 241-60. Righter, Anne. Shakespeare and the Idea of the Play. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1962. Spotswood, Jerald W. "Maintaining Hierarchy in The Tragedie of King Lear." Studies in English Literature 38 (1998): 265-80. Squire, Sir John. Shakespeare as a Dramatist. London: Cassell and Company, 1935. Stevenson, William B. "A Muse of Fire of a Winter of Discontent?" Journal of Management Education 20 (1996): 39-48. Weimann, Robert. "Mingling Vice and 'Worthiness' in King John." Shakespeare Studies 27 (1999): 109-33. Zamir, Tzachi. "A Case of Unfair Proportions: Philosophy in Literature." New Literary History 29 (1998): 501-20.

On My Way to Medical School :: Personal Narratives

On My Way to Medical School As I paced the long dim and silent halls of Floor 3, I breathed in that distinctive â€Å"hospital smell,† that one cannot even begin to describe or pinpoint. Looking down another long hall, I finally saw a doctor come out of the corridors briskly walking toward the waiting lounge where my family had been the past few hours. My grandfather anxiously stepped out to speak with the heart surgeon and for the first time in my life, I saw tears flow from my grandfather’s pale and tired face. After the doctor left, my family members each took turns to go in and see, visit grandma. Between the visits, my grandpa and I sat together while he told me wonderful stories about my grandma and what a wonderful lady she had been to him through their fifty years of marriage. He told me my favorite stories; how they met, how he courted her and how he proposed, but most of all how she had taken care of him through it all. The time had come when it was my turn to go into her room. My family didn’t pressure me at all; in fact it took me three attempts to finally go in. When I did walk in, tears immediately started to flow, but I continued to get closer until I was right beside my grandma holding her hand in mine. I started talking right away and telling my grandma the details of my last few weeks in high school. My turn was over and while on my way out, still holding her hand, I leaned over through all the wires and machines and kissed my grandma on the forehead and whispered, â€Å"I love you† in her ear. For the first time in two days, she responded. She squeezed my hand as if she were saying, â€Å"I love you too!† My grandmother had been diagnosed with colon cancer a few weeks prior to when the doctors found a blocked artery in her heart. Because this took precedence over the colonoscopy, this heart by-pass surgery had to be completed before or else she would not make it through the colonoscopy. The recovery time for this surgery was not supposed to be very long at all, thus permitting her colon surgery to be performed shortly after.

Deception Point Page 111

Rachel blushed, her skin tingling. â€Å"Thanks.† The agent led Rachel down the impeccably appointed hallway to a plain-looking doorway nearby. â€Å"The Lincoln Bedroom,† the agent said. â€Å"And as I am always supposed to say outside this door, ‘Sleep well, and beware of ghosts.'† Rachel nodded. The legends of ghosts in the Lincoln Bedroom were as old as the White House itself. It was said that Winston Churchill had seen Lincoln's ghost here, as had countless others, including Eleanor Roosevelt, Amy Carter, actor Richard Dreyfuss, and decades of maids and butlers. President Reagan's dog was said to bark outside this door for hours at a time. The thoughts of historical spirits suddenly made Rachel realize what a sacred place this room was. She felt suddenly embarrassed, standing there in her long football jersey, bare-legged, like some college coed sneaking into a boy's room. â€Å"Is this kosher?† she whispered to the agent. â€Å"I mean this is the Lincoln Bedroom.† The agent winked. â€Å"Our policy on this floor is ‘Don't ask, don't tell.'† Rachel smiled. â€Å"Thanks.† She reached for the door-knob, already feeling the anticipation of what lay beyond. â€Å"Rachel!† The nasal voice carried down the hallway like a buzz saw. Rachel and the agent turned. Corky Marlinson was hobbling toward them on crutches, his leg now professionally bandaged. â€Å"I couldn't sleep either!† Rachel slumped, sensing her romantic tryst about to disintegrate. Corky's eyes inspected the cute Secret Service agent. He flashed her a broad smile. â€Å"I love women in uniform.† The agent pulled aside her blazer to reveal a lethal-looking sidearm. Corky backed off. â€Å"Point taken.† He turned to Rachel. â€Å"Is Mike awake, too? You going in?† Corky looked eager to join the party. Rachel groaned. â€Å"Actually, Corky†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Dr. Marlinson,† the Secret Service agent intervened, pulling a note from her blazer. â€Å"According to this note, which was given to me by Mr. Tolland, I have explicit orders to escort you down to the kitchen, have our chef make you anything you want, and ask you to explain to me in vivid detail how you saved yourself from certain death by†¦ † the agent hesitated, grimacing as she read the note again. â€Å"†¦ by urinating on yourself?† Apparently, the agent had said the magic words. Corky dropped his crutches on the spot and put an arm around the woman's shoulders for support, and said, â€Å"To the kitchen, love!† As the indisposed agent helped Corky hobble off down the hall, Rachel had no doubt Corky Marlinson was in heaven. â€Å"The urine is the key,† she heard him saying, â€Å"because those damned telencephalon olfactory lobes can smell everything!† The Lincoln Bedroom was dark when Rachel entered. She was surprised to see the bed empty and untouched. Michael Tolland was nowhere to be seen. An antique oil lamp burned near the bed, and in the soft radiance, she could barely make out the Brussels carpet†¦ the famous carved rosewood bed†¦ the portrait of Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd†¦ even the desk where Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. As Rachel closed the door behind her, she felt a clammy draft on her bare legs. Where is he? Across the room, a window was open, the white organza curtains billowing. She walked over to close the window, and an eerie whisper murmured from the closet. â€Å"Maaaarrrrrrrry†¦ â€Å" Rachel wheeled. â€Å"Maaaaaarrrrrrrry?† the voice whispered again. â€Å"Is that you?†¦ Mary Todd Liiiiiincoln?† Rachel quickly closed the window and turned back toward the closet. Her heart was racing, although she knew it was foolish. â€Å"Mike, I know that's you.† â€Å"Noooooo†¦ † the voice continued. â€Å"I am not Mike†¦ I am†¦ Aaaaabe.† Rachel put her hands on her hips. â€Å"Oh, really? Honest Abe?† A muffled laugh. â€Å"Moderately honest Abe†¦ yes.† Rachel was laughing now too. â€Å"Be afraaaaaaid,† the voice from the closet moaned. â€Å"Be veeeeeery afraid.† â€Å"I'm not afraid.† â€Å"Please be afraid†¦ † the voice moaned. â€Å"In the human species, the emotions of fear and sexual arousal are closely linked.† Rachel burst out laughing. â€Å"Is this your idea of a turn-on?† â€Å"Forgiiiive me†¦ † the voice moaned. â€Å"It's been yeeeeeeears since I've been with a woman.† â€Å"Evidently,† Rachel said, yanking the door open. Michael Tolland stood before her with his roguish, lopsided grin. He looked irresistible wearing a pair of navy blue satin pajamas. Rachel did a double take when she saw the presidential seal emblazoned on his chest. â€Å"Presidential pajamas?† He shrugged. â€Å"They were in the drawer.† â€Å"And all I had was this football jersey?† â€Å"You should have chosen the Lincoln Bedroom.† â€Å"You should have offered!† â€Å"I heard the mattress was bad. Antique horsehair.† Tolland winked, motioning to a gift-wrapped package on a marble-topped table. â€Å"This'll make it up to you.† Rachel was touched. â€Å"For me?† â€Å"I had one of the presidential aides go out and find this for you. Just arrived. Don't shake it.† She carefully opened the package, extracting the heavy contents. Inside was a large crystal bowl in which were swimming two ugly orange goldfish. Rachel stared in confused disappointment. â€Å"You're joking, right?† â€Å"Helostoma temmincki,† Tolland said proudly. â€Å"You bought me fish?† â€Å"Rare Chinese kissing fish. Very romantic.† â€Å"Fish are not romantic, Mike.† â€Å"Tell that to these guys. They'll kiss for hours.† â€Å"Is this supposed to be another turn-on?† â€Å"I'm rusty on the romance. Can you grade me on effort?† â€Å"For future reference, Mike, fish are definitely not a turn-on. Try flowers.† Tolland pulled a bouquet of white lilies from behind his back. â€Å"I tried for red roses,† he said, â€Å"but I almost got shot sneaking into the Rose Garden.† As Tolland pulled Rachel's body against his and inhaled the soft fragrance of her hair, he felt years of quiet isolation dissolving inside him. He kissed her deeply, feeling her body rise against him. The white lilies fell to their feet, and barriers Tolland had never known he'd built were suddenly melting away. The ghosts are gone. He felt Rachel inching him toward the bed now, her whisper soft in his ear. â€Å"You don't really think fish are romantic, do you?† â€Å"I do,† he said, kissing her again. â€Å"You should see the jellyfish mating ritual. Incredibly erotic.† Rachel maneuvered him onto his back on the horsehair mattress, easing her slender body down on top of his. â€Å"And seahorses†¦,† Tolland said, breathless as he savored her touch through the thin satin of his pajamas. â€Å"Seahorses perform†¦ an unbelievably sensual dance of love.† â€Å"Enough fish talk,† she whispered, unbuttoning his pajamas. â€Å"What can you tell me about the mating rituals of advanced primates?† Tolland sighed. â€Å"I'm afraid I don't really do primates.† Rachel shed her football jersey. â€Å"Well, nature boy, I suggest you learn fast.† Epilogue The NASA transport jet banked high over the Atlantic. Onboard, Administrator Lawrence Ekstrom took a last look at the huge charred rock in the cargo hold. Back to the sea, he thought. Where they found you. On Ekstrom's command, the pilot opened the cargo doors and released the rock. They watched as the mammoth stone plummeted downward behind the plane, arcing across the sunlit ocean sky and disappearing beneath the waves in a pillar of silver spray.

Council Regulation

A grouping so formed shall, from the date of its registration as provided for in Article 6, have the capacity, in its own name, to have rights and obligations of all inds, to make contracts or accomplish other legal acts, and to sue and be sued. Article 3 1 . The purpose of a grouping shall be to facilitate or develop the economic activities of its members and to improve or increase the results of those activities; its purpose is not to make profits for itself. Its activity shall be related to the economic activities of its members and must not be more than ancillary to those activities. 2.Consequently, a grouping may not: (a) exercise, directly or indirectly, a power of management or supervision over its embers' own activities or over the activities of another undertaking, in particular in the fields of personnel, finance and investment; (b) directly or indirectly, on any basis whatsoever, hold shares of any kind in a member undertaking; the holding of shares in another undertaking shall be possible only in so far as it is necessary for the achievement of the grouping's objects and if it is done on its members' behalf; (c) employ more than 500 persons; (d) be used by a company to make a loan to a director of a company, or any person connected with him, when the making of such loans is restricted or controlled under he Member States' laws governing companies. Nor must a grouping be used for the transfer of any property between a company and a director, or any person connected with him, except to the extent allowed by the Member States' laws governing companies. For the purposes of this provision the making of a loan includes entering into any transaction or arrangement of similar effect, and property includes moveable and immoveable property; (e) be a member of another European Economic Interest Grouping. Article 4 1 .Only the following may be members of a grouping: a) companies or firms within the meaning of the second paragraph of Article 58 of the Treaty and other legal bodies governed by public or private law, which nave been formed in accordance with the law of a Member State and which have their registered or statutory office and central adminsitration in the Community; where, under the law of a Member State, a company, firm or other legal body is not obliged to have a registered or statutory office, it shall be sufficient for such a company, firm or other legal body to have its central administration in the Community; b) natural persons who carry on any industrial, commercial, craft or agricultural activity or who provide professional or other services in the Community. 2.A grouping must comprise at least: (a) two companies, firms or other legal bodies, within the meaning of paragraph 1, which have their central administrations in different Member States, or (b) two natural persons, within the meaning of paragraph 1, who carry on their principal activities in different Member States, or (c) a company, firm or other legal body withi n the meaning of paragraph 1 and a atural person, of which the first has its central administration in one Member State and the second carries on his principal activity in another Member State. Article 5 A contract for the formation of a grouping shall include at least: (a) the name of the grouping preceded or followed either by the words ‘European Economic Interest Grouping' or by the initials ‘EEIG', unless those words or initials already form part of the name; (b) the official address of the grouping; (c) the objects for which the grouping is formed; (d) the name, business name, legal form, permanent address or registered office, and he number and place of registration, if any, of each member of the grouping; (e) the duration of the grouping, except where this is indefinite.Article 6 A grouping shall be registered in the State in which it has its official address, at the registry designated pursuant to Article 39 (1). Article 12 The official address referred to in the contract for the formation of a grouping must be situated in the Community. The official address must be fixed either: (a) where the grouping has its central administration, or (b) where one of the members of the grouping has its central administration or, in he case of a natural person, his principal activity, provided that the grouping carries on an activity there. Article 13 The official address of a grouping may be transferred within the Community.When such a transfer does not result in a change in the law applicable pursuant to Article 2, the decision to transfer shall be taken in accordance with the conditions laid down in the contract for the formation of the grouping. 1 . The organs of a grouping shall be the members acting collectively and the manager or managers. A contract for the formation of a grouping may provide for other organs; if it does it hall determine their powers. 2. The members of a grouping, acting as a body, may take any decision for the purpose of achievi ng the objects of the grouping. Article 17 1. Each member shall have one vote. The contract for the formation of a grouping may, however, give more than one vote to certain members, provided that no one member holds a majority of the votes. 2.A unanimous decision by the members shall be required to: (a) alter the objects of a grouping; (b) alter the number of votes allotted to each member; (c) alter the conditions for the taking of decisions; Article 18 Each member shall be entitled to obtain information from the manager or managers concerning the grouping's business and to inspect the grouping's books and business records. Article 19 1. A grouping shall be managed by one or more natural persons appointed in the contract for the formation of the grouping or by decision of the members. Article 21 1 . The profits resulting from a grouping's activities shall be deemed to be the profits of the members and shall be apportioned among them in the proportions laid down in the contract for t he formation of the grouping or, in the absence of any such rovision, in equal shares. 2.The members of a grouping shall contribute to the payment of the amount by which expenditure exceeds income in the proportions laid down in the contract for the formation of the grouping or, in the absence of any such provision, in equal shares. Article 22 1 . Any member of a grouping may assign his participation in the grouping, or a proportion thereof, either to another member or to a third party; the assignment shall not take effect without the unanimous authorization of the other members. Article 23 No grouping may invite investment by the public. Article 24 1. The members of a grouping shall have unlimited Joint and several liability for its debts and other liabilities of whatever nature.National law shall determine the consequences of such liablity. 2. Creditors may not proceed against a member for payment in respect of debts and other liabilities, in accordance with the conditions laid do wn in paragraph 1, before the liquidation of a grouping is concluded, unless they have first requested the grouping to pay and payment has not been made within an appropriate period. Council Regulation ( 5 July Article 27 1 . A member of a grouping may withdraw in accordance with the conditions laid down in the contract for the formation of a grouping or, in the absence of such conditions, with the unanimous agreement of the other members. Article 37 1 .A period of limitation of five years after the publication, pursuant to Article 8, of notice of a member's ceasing to belong to a grouping shall be substituted for any longer period which may be laid down by the relevant national law for actions against that member in connection with debts and other liabilities arising out of the grouping's activities before he ceased to be a member. . A period of limitation of five years after the publication, pursuant to Article 8, of notice of the conclusion of the liquidation of a grouping shall be substituted for any against a member of the grouping in connection with debts and other liabilities arising out of the grouping's activities.Article 40 The profits or losses resulting from the activities of a grouping shall be taxable only in the hands of its members. Article 42 1. Upon the adoption of this Regulation, a Contact Committee shall be set up under the auspices of the Commission. Its function shall be: a) to facilitate, without prejudice to Articles 169 and 170 of the Treaty, application of this Regulation through regular consultation dealing in particular with practical problems arising in connection with its application; (b) to advise the Commission, if necessary, on additions or amendments to this Regulation. 2. The Contact Committee shall be composed of representatives of the Member States and representatives of the Commission. The chairman shall be a representative of the Commission.

Fashion, Fade and Craze in Adolesence

Fashion and teenagers!!! Fashion is a popular way of behaving which includes a popular style of clothes, hair, etc, at a particular period of time. Fashion began from the early stone age and lots of upheaval have occurred till now. Len the early age people used to be half naked and wear dresses made from animal skins, leaves etc. And carry different weapons like bows arrows, spear heads which resembles that they are following the fashionable trends present at that time.I was highly influenced by what French designer Coco Channel once said , â€Å"Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening. â€Å"Fashion and our lives is interlaced with one another and it is reflected by our contemporary life activities. The teenagers are mostly attracted to the western fashion culture and they are triggered by the exotic western dresses like beautiful clothing etc.Students want to crea te the unique image and for them fashion is like a way to express their inner self and by having the latest clothing they want to look cool. Many of them think fashion helps them create an aural psychic influence and it pervades and highlights their resend in the surroundings. Teens are mostly influenced by the latest trends ,colorful designs outfits. And there wardrobe is full of different brands which like Giorgio Airman, Dior,Levis,Gucci,Louis Button, Denim .Both boys and girls awesomely like to wear casual dress and formal style will be used only in the serious environments like when having a ceremony or performing business meetings, official talks and seminars. Teenagers are mostly inspired and influenced by their celebrities, models and fashion media and the college boys and girls are also trying to leonine themselves. Their fashion icons are their all time favorites artists which teaches them how to innovate ,develop and create new stylish things and from them they also learn t that how to look the worlds from the new perspective. En of the teenager said that the role models provide encouragement to them for doing the right things in a friendly way.

Investment analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment analysis - Essay Example Hedge Fund is an investment partnership of limited wealthy investors or institutions. The minimum investment requirement for entering a hedge fund is much higher than many other investment options. It is also a highly illiquid investment as the fund stays invested at least for a period of one year. Hedge fund is as similar as a mutual fund but differs in quantum of its investments and number of its participants. It is also less regulated than a mutual fund. Hedge funds are managed by a team of experts headed by portfolio managers. Most of the investors will have a say in the management of the fund. This essay will give a brief idea about the strategies adopted by hedge funds for managing funds and the implication of its operations in the overall financial sector. Hedge funds and its mode of operation Hedge funds operate in various methods to handle investment risk. There are several strategies being adopted by Hedge Funds to minimise the investment risk. Some of the most important st rategies are Long/Short Equity, Global Macro, Event Driven, Emerging markets, Equity Market-Neutral, Convertible Arbitrage, Fixed-Income Arbitrage, Short Sellers and Managed Futures. These strategies will be dealt in detail further. Long/short equity: As the name implies this strategy involves taking both long and short positions on stocks. The core concept of this strategy is to go short on overvalued stock and long on undervalued stocks. This strategy is adopted to make profit irrespective of whether the market rise or fall. It is used by hedge fund managers to make profit on both sides. The undervalued stock will increase in value to make profits while at the same time the value of overvalued stock will come down thus making profit on its short positions. â€Å"Thus, the goal of any equity long-short strategy is to minimise exposure to the market in general, and profit from a change in the difference, or spread, between two stocks.† (Barclay Hedge, 2011) Global Macro: Glob al Macro is a more sustainable investment strategy in the sense that it is based on top down analysis or the fundamentals. As the name signifies, this strategy considers the macro economic variables. Company specific investments are also based on factors like management quality, market share, company profits, market competition, financial position, and the like. This strategy also invests in all kinds of investment options like equities, commodities, currencies, etc. Hedge fund managers also hedge such portfolio with the use of necessary derivatives and other instruments. This has been proved to be one of the most successful strategies adopted by Hedge Funds. Event Driven: â€Å"An event-driven investment manager is typically looking to invest in situations where there is some form of corporate activity or catalytic change taking place.† (Leary, 2004) The events include mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy, asset sales, or any other restructuring pertaining to a particular co mpany. Hedge fund managers predict the movement of the share price based on the nature of the event related to the company. For example a possibility